Sid in Japan

Teaching as an ALT in Japan is an exciting and rewarding experience, but adjusting to Japanese school culture can be challenging for foreigners. Schools in Japan operate with a unique set of expectations, customs, and traditions that shape the daily environment for students and teachers alike. Understanding and respecting these cultural norms will help ALTs integrate smoothly and work effectively with Japanese colleagues and students.

The Structure of Japanese Schools

Japan’s education system consists of elementary school (Shōgakkō, 小学校) for grades 1-6 (ages 6-12), junior high school (Chūgakkō, 中学校) for grades 7-9 (ages 12-15), and high school (Kōkō, 高校) for grades 10-12 (ages 15-18). Most ALTs work at one of these levels. However, sometimes ALTs may be asked to visit nursery schools or kindergartens.

In Japanese schools, students generally stay in one classroom while teachers move between rooms. Homeroom teachers play a significant role in students’ academic and personal lives, acting as both instructors and mentors.

Key Points

Respect is a cornerstone of Japanese school culture. Bowing is a standard greeting for both students and teachers, and using polite language (keigo) with staff is expected. ALTs should address teachers by their last name followed by “sensei” (e.g., Tanaka-sensei). Being punctual and prepared is also highly valued in the Japanese work environment.

Daily greetings (Aisatsu) are an essential part of the school routine. Saying “Ohayō gozaimasu” (Good morning) when arriving at school, “Otsukaresama desu” (Good work today) when finishing a task, and “Yoroshiku onegaishimasu” (Let’s work well together) when starting a collaboration helps build positive relationships with colleagues.

One of the unique aspects of Japanese schools is the cleaning time. Instead of janitorial staff, students are responsible for cleaning their classrooms, hallways, and other areas daily. ALTs are encouraged to participate in this routine, as it helps build rapport with students and shows a willingness to engage in school life.

School lunch (Kyūshoku) is another integral part of the day. In most schools, students and teachers eat a set lunch together in the classroom. Eveyone usually expresses gratitude for the meal by saying “Itadakimasu” before eating and “Gochisōsama deshita” after finishing. Sometimes, this is prompted by that day’s leader. But, occasionally, you will see individuals doing it on their own. Even if the food is unfamiliar, trying everything and engaging in casual conversation with students is a great way to bond.

Japanese schools also emphasize ceremonies and traditions. Most schools have a school song that students sing during important events. Opening and closing ceremonies mark the beginning and end of the school year, while Sports Day is a major event filled with athletic competitions. Graduation is a formal and emotional ceremony, particularly for third-year junior high and high school students.

Expectations for ALTs in Japanese Schools

In the classroom, ALTs work alongside Japanese teachers (JTEs) to teach English. Their role varies from leading activities to assisting with lessons, but maintaining enthusiasm and energy is crucial to keeping students engaged. Outside of class, staffroom etiquette is important. Greeting colleagues when entering the teachers’ office, refraining from excessive phone use, and participating in school activities beyond the classroom all contribute to a positive work environment.

After-school club activities are a big part of student life, especially in junior high and high school. ALTs may be invited to join sports or cultural clubs, which is a great opportunity to build relationships with students outside of lessons.

Differences Between Japanese and Western Schools

Teaching styles in Japan tend to favor rote learning and memorization, whereas Western classrooms may prioritize discussion and analysis. Cleaning duties fall on students rather than professional janitorial staff, and school lunches are standardized meals eaten in classrooms rather than a cafeteria system with multiple options. There is also a strong sense of school spirit and unity, with traditions and ceremonies reinforcing a shared identity.

Tips for Adjusting to Japanese School Culture

For new ALTs, observing first and following the lead of Japanese colleagues is a great way to learn. Flexibility is key, as teaching methods may differ from what one is used to. Showing enthusiasm by engaging with students during lunch, cleaning time, and club activities helps build connections. Asking questions when unsure about customs or rules is always encouraged. Lastly, respecting the work ethic of Japanese teachers, who often work long hours, fosters a positive and cooperative working relationship.

Final Thoughts

Understanding Japanese school culture takes time, but embracing its customs will make an ALT’s experience more rewarding. By demonstrating respect, enthusiasm, and a willingness to learn, ALTs can build strong relationships with students and colleagues, making a lasting impact on their school community.